Social Science & Medicine, 68(10), 1843-1851. In empirical studies of friendship networks, participants are typically asked, in interviews or questionnaires, to identify some or all of their close friends, resulting in a directed network in which friendships can, and often do, run in only one direction between a pair of individuals. Objective and subjective social class gradients for substance use among Mexican adolescents. Subjective socioeconomic status and adolescent health: A meta-analysis. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(1), 23-28. Subjective social status in the school and change in adiposity in female adolescents: Findings from a prospective cohort study. R., Fisher, L., Goodman, E., Kawachi, I., Berkey, C. Subjective social status and health in young people. The roles of social class of origin, achieved social class and intergenerational social mobility in explaining social-class inequalities in alcoholism among young men. Hemmingsson, T., Lundberg, I., & Diderichsen, F. Impact of objective and subjective social status on obesity in a biracial cohort of adolescents. Adolescents’ perceptions of social status: Development and evaluation of a new indicator. Neighborhood, family, and subjective socioeconomic status: How do they relate to adolescent health? Health Psychology, 25(6), 704. Cultural and community determinants of subjective social status among Cherokee and White youth. Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: Preliminary data in healthy, White women. MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status – Adult VersionĪdler, N. In addition, studies that first measure adolescents’ SSS and then later examine their health strongly suggest that SSS plays a causal role in shaping health and wellbeing (e.g., Lemeshow, et al., 2008).Ī recent meta-analysis suggests that the MacArthur SSS Scale – Youth Version is most strongly related to health outcomes that are closely tied to psychological processes, including depression, obesity, and physical symptoms (Quon & McGrath, 2014). For example, studies show that the MacArthur SSS Scale, compared to objective SES measures, better predicts adolescent overweight and obesity, depression, physical symptoms, and self-rated health (Chen & Paterson, 2006 Goodman, et al., 2001 Goodman, et al., 2003 Lemeshow, et al., 2008 Quon & McGrath, 2014). Social status hierarchies are ubiquitous across cultures 7, age groups 8, and even many animal species 9,10. The two-item MacArthur SSS Scale – Youth Version is not only shorter and more reliable than many objective SES measures, but also predicts certain aspects of health better. Yet many adolescents do not know or want to report their parents’ education level, occupation, or income. A family’s objective socioeconomic status (SES) - its parents’ education levels, jobs prestige, and income - strongly shapes its children’s mental health, physical health, and adult socioeconomic status (Adler, et al., 1994 Hemmingsson, Lundberg, & Diderichsen, 1999).
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